Heterogeneous catalyst engineering ⇒ from stable and deactivation resistant to viable technical catalyst

Problem statement

Advances in heterogeneous catalyst “structure” are driven to improve their “function” or performance, i.e., activity, selectivity, and stability. Cooperative research is required to understand the structure and function relationships: developing new synthesis protocols for heterogeneous catalysts with unique surface properties, defined porosity, identification and understanding of catalytically active sites, reaction mechanisms, and finally, prediction and analysis of the processes using various computational tools.

Our group focuses on developing new catalyst formulations using innovative synthesis routes for various important heterogeneous catalysts. That includes thermal, electro, and bio-electro catalysis.

The active phase cannot be used directly in its final application or reactor for various reasons, including poor mechanical resistance, heat or mass transport, and fluidization features. We must mix the active phase with other ingredients in a matrix of binder and filler, while we shape it into a technical catalyst. We investigate new synthetic protocols for technical catalysis using spray drying and fluidized beds to cover the whole range of sizes. At the same time, we incorporate additional (unconventional) ingredients such as SiC to improve some features even further.

Goals

  • Technical catalyst I ⇒ spray drying and extrusion
  • Technical catalyst II ⇒ spray fluidized bed reactor
  • Technical catalyst III ⇒ electrospinning
  • Zeolite catalysts ⇒ with defined structure/porosity
  • Multi-metal (high entropy) alloy catalysts
  • MXene catalysts ⇒ single and multi-dimensional
  • Perovskite catalysts
  • Metal-organic framework (MOFs) catalysts
  • Supported metal/metal-oxide catalysts
  • Aerogel catalyst

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Unraveling the influence of magnetic field on microbial and electrogenic activities in bioelectrochemical systems: A comprehensive review

by Al-Mayyahi, Park, Jadhav, Hussien, Mohamed, Castaño, Al-Qaradawi, Chae
Fuel Year: 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125889

Abstract

Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), such as microbial fuel/electrolysis cells, are promising wastewater treatment and energy generationapproaches that use electrochemically active bacteria (EAB). Bacteria growth in BES is a critical factor that controls the performance of the overall system. A magnetic field (MF) is an effective way to accelerate biofilm formation and extracellular electron transfer (EET). The performance is highly dependent on the MF intensity, exposure time, shape and orientation of the magnets, and the microbial structure of the inoculum. Despite the increasing number of investigations into each factor, there is an insufficient comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of MFs in BESs. In this review, the basic mechanism of MFs, as well as the various attempts to use MFs in BESs, and their effect on the obtained performances are introduced. Particularly, the empirical effects of MF on the EAB growth, EET, enzyme activity, and BES performance. Moreover, the influence of MF on radical pairs was also interpreted to explain how MF affects EET. This review is the first attempt at understanding the background and current trends in the application of MF technologies in BESs.

Keywords

EPB HCE CRE