Heterogeneous catalyst engineering ⇒ from stable and deactivation resistant to viable technical catalyst

Problem statement

Advances in heterogeneous catalyst “structure” are driven to improve their “function” or performance, i.e., activity, selectivity, and stability. Cooperative research is required to understand the structure and function relationships: developing new synthesis protocols for heterogeneous catalysts with unique surface properties, defined porosity, identification and understanding of catalytically active sites, reaction mechanisms, and finally, prediction and analysis of the processes using various computational tools.

Our group focuses on developing new catalyst formulations using innovative synthesis routes for various important heterogeneous catalysts. That includes thermal, electro, and bio-electro catalysis.

The active phase cannot be used directly in its final application or reactor for various reasons, including poor mechanical resistance, heat or mass transport, and fluidization features. We must mix the active phase with other ingredients in a matrix of binder and filler, while we shape it into a technical catalyst. We investigate new synthetic protocols for technical catalysis using spray drying and fluidized beds to cover the whole range of sizes. At the same time, we incorporate additional (unconventional) ingredients such as SiC to improve some features even further.

Goals

  • Technical catalyst I ⇒ spray drying and extrusion
  • Technical catalyst II ⇒ spray fluidized bed reactor
  • Technical catalyst III ⇒ electrospinning
  • Zeolite catalysts ⇒ with defined structure/porosity
  • Multi-metal (high entropy) alloy catalysts
  • MXene catalysts ⇒ single and multi-dimensional
  • Perovskite catalysts
  • Metal-organic framework (MOFs) catalysts
  • Supported metal/metal-oxide catalysts
  • Aerogel catalyst

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Related Publications

Petcoke-derived Functionalized Activated Carbon as Support in a Bifunctional Catalyst for Tire Oil Hydroprocessing

by Hita, Palos, Arandes, Hill, Castaño
Fuel Process. Technol. Year: 2016

Abstract

The catalytic performance of three NiMo catalysts supported on tailored activated carbon (AC) supports has been studied for the hydroprocessing of tire oil for sulfur removal and conversion of heavier fractions towards lighter naphtha and diesel production. The supports have been obtained through physical activation of petcoke for different times, and in some cases functionalized via acid treatment with HNO3. The hydroprocessing runs have been carried out in a fixed bed reactor working in trickle bed regime at 275–375 °C, 65 bar and a space time of 0.16 h. The catalyst properties have been measured by ICP-AES, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, TPR, and tert-butylamine adsorption–desorption (TPD). A preliminary catalyst screening using a synthetic mixture of model compounds of tire oil was used to select the most active catalyst. This catalyst, which contained a support activated for 9 h and functionalized with HNO3, had an HDS conversion of up to 99.9%. In the hydroprocessing of real tire oil, the same NiMo/AC catalyst reached a steady sulfur removal of 96.3% and a heavy gasoil lump removal higher than 11 wt%, with complete olefin hydrogenation and a decreased content of naphthenes and aromatics in the products. The cetane number of the diesel fraction was also enhanced with this catalyst.

Keywords

HPC HCE W2C