Catalytic reactor engineering ⇒ information-driven design of packed (operando), fluidized, multi-functional, and -phase reactors

Problem statement

At lab-scale, the ultimate goal of a catalytic reactor is to provide (1) reliable kinetic information, neglecting or controlling other phenomena (heat-mass transfer and hydrodynamics); (2) high-throughput data to amplify the results, accelerate model and catalyst discoveries; and (3) results with the minimum requirements of reactants and wastes generated. The pillars of these reactors are quality, quantity, and safety.

We design, build and test different laboratory-scale reactors. Our strategy involves creating and testing reactor prototypes while modeling these using our workflow. We have high-speed cameras, probes, and other measuring instruments to understand the reactor behavior. We focus on packed-, fluidized-bed, and multiphase reactors:

In packed bed reactors, we focus on forced dynamic and operando reactors. These are the quintessence of information-driven reactors where the dynamics can involve flow changes, temperature, pressure, partial pressure, presence of activity modifiers (poissons, H2O…). In operando reactors, we follow a spectro-kinetic-deactivation-hydrodynamic approach to resolve the individual steps involved. In fluidized bed reactors, we focus on downers and multifunctional reactors (circulating, multizone or two-zone, Berty reactors) We focus on trickle-bed, slurry, and bio-electrochemical reactors in multiphase bed reactors.

Al pilot-plant scale, we aim to reach the maximum productivity levels while solving the growing pains: the scale-up. Based on a robust kinetic model obtained in the intrinsic kinetic reactor (lab-scale) and using computational fluid dynamics, we design, build, and operate pilot plants. At this stage, we seek partnerships with investment or industrial enterprises to make these pilot plants.

Goals

  • Multifunctional fluidized bed reactors ⇒ multizone, circulating...
  • Packed bed membrane reactors
  • Forced dynamic reactors ⇒ pulsing, SSITKA...
  • Forced dynamic operando reactors ⇒ DRIFTS, TPSR...
  • Operando reactors
  • Spray fluidized bed reactors
  • Downer reactor I ⇒ micro downer
  • Downer reactor II ⇒ counter-current and scale-up
  • Batch Berty reactor ⇒ short contact time
  • Multiphase reactors ⇒ trickle bed and slurry
  • High throughput experimentation (HTE) reactors
  • Photo-thermal and bioreactors
  • Reactor visualization and prototyping lab
  • Spatio-temporal hydrodynamic characterization and validation

Related People

Related Publications

Volatile Tracer Dispersion in Multi-Phase Packed Beds

by Marquez, Castaño, Makkee, Moulijn, Kreutzer
Chem. Eng. Sci. Year: 2010

Abstract

This paper describes the effect of volatility on residence time distribution and conversion in multiphase reactors. This is relevant for the many processes where substantial vaporization of the liquid feed occurs. The typical situation is that the evaporated molecules not only lower the concentration in the liquid phase but also travel faster through the reactor. Our complete model uses two mobile zones, one for the liquid phase and one for the gas phase, with dispersion in each zone and mutual mass transfer. In short, this work can be thought of as extending the popular Piston-Dispersion-Exchange model by adding mobility and dispersion to the second zone. We explore the entire parameter space for our model numerically. We describe quantitatively how the mean residence time of a component decreases when it significantly evaporates to a faster-moving gas phase. We explore how slow mass transfer contributes to the broadening of the residence time distribution. Experimentally, we validated the model in a more limited parameter space in a gas–liquid micro-packed bed with volatile compounds (isopentane, pentane, and 2,2 dimethylbutane) and non-volatile compounds (1-methylethyl benzene) in different solvents (tetradecane and 1-nonanol). The effect of volatility on conversion was analyzed for an -order liquid-phase reaction at different mass-transfer rates. Wherever possible, we extract from the detailed numerical model practical engineering correlations for average residence time and conversion. The results presented in this work teach whether reactant volatility should be considered in a reactor design.

Keywords

CRE MKM