Catalytic reactor engineering ⇒ information-driven design of packed (operando), fluidized, multi-functional, and -phase reactors


Problem Statement

At lab-scale, the ultimate goal of a catalytic reactor is to provide (1) reliable kinetic information, neglecting or controlling other phenomena (heat-mass transfer and hydrodynamics); (2) high-throughput data to amplify the results, accelerate model and catalyst discoveries; and (3) results with the minimum requirements of reactants and wastes generated. The pillars of these reactors are quality, quantity, and safety.

We design, build and test different laboratory-scale reactors. Our strategy involves creating and testing reactor prototypes while modeling these using our workflow. We have high-speed cameras, probes, and other measuring instruments to understand the reactor behavior. We focus on packed-, fluidized-bed, and multiphase reactors:

In packed bed reactors, we focus on forced dynamic and operando reactors. These are the quintessence of information-driven reactors where the dynamics can involve flow changes, temperature, pressure, partial pressure, presence of activity modifiers (poissons, H2O…). In operando reactors, we follow a spectro-kinetic-deactivation-hydrodynamic approach to resolve the individual steps involved. In fluidized bed reactors, we focus on downers and multifunctional reactors (circulating, multizone or two-zone, Berty reactors) We focus on trickle-bed, slurry, and bio-electrochemical reactors in multiphase bed reactors.

Al pilot-plant scale, we aim to reach the maximum productivity levels while solving the growing pains: the scale-up. Based on a robust kinetic model obtained in the intrinsic kinetic reactor (lab-scale) and using computational fluid dynamics, we design, build, and operate pilot plants. At this stage, we seek partnerships with investment or industrial enterprises to make these pilot plants.

Objectives

  • Multifunctional fluidized bed reactors ⇒ multizone, circulating...
  • Packed bed membrane reactors
  • Forced dynamic reactors ⇒ pulsing, SSITKA...
  • Forced dynamic operando reactors ⇒ DRIFTS, TPSR...
  • Operando reactors
  • Spray fluidized bed reactors
  • Downer reactor I ⇒ micro downer
  • Downer reactor II ⇒ counter-current and scale-up
  • Batch Berty reactor ⇒ short contact time
  • Multiphase reactors ⇒ trickle bed and slurry
  • High throughput experimentation (HTE) reactors
  • Photo-thermal and bioreactors
  • Reactor visualization and prototyping lab
  • Spatio-temporal hydrodynamic characterization and validation

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Related Covers

Related Publications

Structural Modulation of Ni-Zn Intermetallic/Carbide Catalysts using Forced Dynamic CO₂ and CH₄ Reforming Conditions

by Bai, Mohamed, Dally, Velisoju, Davaasuren, Meijerink, Hedhili, Castaño
ACS Catal. Year: 2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5c07375

Abstract

Alloys and intermetallics have been repeatedly reported to improve the catalytic activity or stability. However, many alloys are structurally unstable under reaction conditions. Here, we systematically investigate methods to understand, control, and modulate these dynamics for NiZn catalysts during dry (CO2) reforming of methane (CH4). Initially, we modulate the Ni-rich NiZn alloy and NiZn intermetallic by varying the Ni/Zn ratio, NiZn loading, and reduction temperature. Then, we study the structural modulation of the NiZn alloys and intermetallic compounds in steady and forced dynamic conditions in a packed bed reactor, operando DRIFTS-MS, in situ XRD, and in situ TEM, revealing that the NiZn intermetallic phase dynamically transforms into a stable Ni3ZnC0.7 phase, which acts as a carbon reservoir, mitigating coke accumulation and maintaining stable performance for 50 h under realistic reforming conditions. In contrast, the Ni-rich NiZn alloy irreversibly segregates to Ni and ZnO instead of forming Ni3ZnC0.7, resulting in severe coke deposition. These insights into the NiZn phase dynamics open avenues for rational catalyst control through phase modulation.

Keywords

CHA CRE