Catalytic reactor engineering ⇒ information-driven design of packed (operando), fluidized, multi-functional, and -phase reactors

Problem statement

At lab-scale, the ultimate goal of a catalytic reactor is to provide (1) reliable kinetic information, neglecting or controlling other phenomena (heat-mass transfer and hydrodynamics); (2) high-throughput data to amplify the results, accelerate model and catalyst discoveries; and (3) results with the minimum requirements of reactants and wastes generated. The pillars of these reactors are quality, quantity, and safety.

We design, build and test different laboratory-scale reactors. Our strategy involves creating and testing reactor prototypes while modeling these using our workflow. We have high-speed cameras, probes, and other measuring instruments to understand the reactor behavior. We focus on packed-, fluidized-bed, and multiphase reactors:

In packed bed reactors, we focus on forced dynamic and operando reactors. These are the quintessence of information-driven reactors where the dynamics can involve flow changes, temperature, pressure, partial pressure, presence of activity modifiers (poissons, H2O…). In operando reactors, we follow a spectro-kinetic-deactivation-hydrodynamic approach to resolve the individual steps involved. In fluidized bed reactors, we focus on downers and multifunctional reactors (circulating, multizone or two-zone, Berty reactors) We focus on trickle-bed, slurry, and bio-electrochemical reactors in multiphase bed reactors.

Al pilot-plant scale, we aim to reach the maximum productivity levels while solving the growing pains: the scale-up. Based on a robust kinetic model obtained in the intrinsic kinetic reactor (lab-scale) and using computational fluid dynamics, we design, build, and operate pilot plants. At this stage, we seek partnerships with investment or industrial enterprises to make these pilot plants.

Goals

  • Multifunctional fluidized bed reactors ⇒ multizone, circulating...
  • Packed bed membrane reactors
  • Forced dynamic reactors ⇒ pulsing, SSITKA...
  • Forced dynamic operando reactors ⇒ DRIFTS, TPSR...
  • Operando reactors
  • Spray fluidized bed reactors
  • Downer reactor I ⇒ micro downer
  • Downer reactor II ⇒ counter-current and scale-up
  • Batch Berty reactor ⇒ short contact time
  • Multiphase reactors ⇒ trickle bed and slurry
  • High throughput experimentation (HTE) reactors
  • Photo-thermal and bioreactors
  • Reactor visualization and prototyping lab
  • Spatio-temporal hydrodynamic characterization and validation

Related People

Related Publications

Implications of Co-Feeding Water on the Growth Mechanisms of Retained Species on a SAPO-18 Catalyst during the Methanol-to-Olefins Reaction

by Valecillos, Hita, Sastre, Aguayo, Castaño
ChemCatChem Year: 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202100124

Abstract

The dynamics of retained and deactivating species in a SAPO-18 catalyst during the methanol-to-olefins reaction have been followed using a combination of ex-situ and in-situ techniques in differential and integral reactors.The retained species were analyzed using extraction, in-situ FTIR and in-situ UV-vis spectroscopies combined with online product analysis (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry). The composition of the extracted soluble species was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and that of the insoluble species using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We observe a decrease in the formation and degradation rates of retained species when co-feeding water, whereas the extent of the decreases is the same across the entire spectrum of retained molecules. This indicates that co-feeding water unselectively quenches the formation of active and deactivating species. At the same time, the catalyst has an extended lifetime when co-feeding water due to the diffusion of species (particularly olefins) out of the SAPO-18 crystals, and subsequent growth of heavy polycyclic aromatic structures that imply less deactivation. These conclusions can be extrapolated to other MTO catalysts with relatively similar pore topology such as SAPO-34 or SSZ-13 structures.

Keywords

O2H CRE