Catalytic reactor engineering ⇒ information-driven design of packed (operando), fluidized, multi-functional, and -phase reactors

Problem statement

At lab-scale, the ultimate goal of a catalytic reactor is to provide (1) reliable kinetic information, neglecting or controlling other phenomena (heat-mass transfer and hydrodynamics); (2) high-throughput data to amplify the results, accelerate model and catalyst discoveries; and (3) results with the minimum requirements of reactants and wastes generated. The pillars of these reactors are quality, quantity, and safety.

We design, build and test different laboratory-scale reactors. Our strategy involves creating and testing reactor prototypes while modeling these using our workflow. We have high-speed cameras, probes, and other measuring instruments to understand the reactor behavior. We focus on packed-, fluidized-bed, and multiphase reactors:

In packed bed reactors, we focus on forced dynamic and operando reactors. These are the quintessence of information-driven reactors where the dynamics can involve flow changes, temperature, pressure, partial pressure, presence of activity modifiers (poissons, H2O…). In operando reactors, we follow a spectro-kinetic-deactivation-hydrodynamic approach to resolve the individual steps involved. In fluidized bed reactors, we focus on downers and multifunctional reactors (circulating, multizone or two-zone, Berty reactors) We focus on trickle-bed, slurry, and bio-electrochemical reactors in multiphase bed reactors.

Al pilot-plant scale, we aim to reach the maximum productivity levels while solving the growing pains: the scale-up. Based on a robust kinetic model obtained in the intrinsic kinetic reactor (lab-scale) and using computational fluid dynamics, we design, build, and operate pilot plants. At this stage, we seek partnerships with investment or industrial enterprises to make these pilot plants.

Goals

  • Multifunctional fluidized bed reactors ⇒ multizone, circulating...
  • Packed bed membrane reactors
  • Forced dynamic reactors ⇒ pulsing, SSITKA...
  • Forced dynamic operando reactors ⇒ DRIFTS, TPSR...
  • Operando reactors
  • Spray fluidized bed reactors
  • Downer reactor I ⇒ micro downer
  • Downer reactor II ⇒ counter-current and scale-up
  • Batch Berty reactor ⇒ short contact time
  • Multiphase reactors ⇒ trickle bed and slurry
  • High throughput experimentation (HTE) reactors
  • Photo-thermal and bioreactors
  • Reactor visualization and prototyping lab
  • Spatio-temporal hydrodynamic characterization and validation

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Related Publications

Catalytic Deactivation Pathways During the Cracking of Glycerol and Glycerol/VGO Blends under FCC Unit Conditions

by Errekatxo, Ibarra, Gutierrez, Bilbao, Arandes, Castaño
Chem. Eng. J. Year: 2017

Abstract

The deactivation during the cracking of glycerol into valued chemicals and fuels has been studied under realistic FCC conditions using HZSM-5 or HY zeolite based catalysts. These catalysts suffer a severe catalyst deactivation by coke, which has been characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by TG-TPO, MS/FTIR-TPO, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The first part of this work delves with the product distribution and deactivation of HZSM-5 zeolite based catalyst during the transformation of (pure) aqueous glycerol. The second section focuses on the product distribution and deactivation of HY zeolite based catalyst during the joint cracking of vacuum-gas-oil (VGO) with aqueous glycerol. The results show that the mechanism of deactivation during glycerol cracking, independently of the catalyst used, involves two sequential steps: (i) condensation in the exterior of the zeolite to form an oxygenated coke and (ii) dehydration and hydrogen transfer of the previous oxygenated coke to form a more aromatic one. The second step is only activated at severer conditions (t > 3 s and T > 450 °C). Co-feeding glycerol with VGO increase the yield of coke, gases and decrease the yield of gasoline (with higher octane number), while VGO only participates in the formation of aromatic coke.

Keywords

O2H W2C CRE