Catalytic reactor engineering ⇒ information-driven design of packed (operando), fluidized, multi-functional, and -phase reactors

Problem statement

At lab-scale, the ultimate goal of a catalytic reactor is to provide (1) reliable kinetic information, neglecting or controlling other phenomena (heat-mass transfer and hydrodynamics); (2) high-throughput data to amplify the results, accelerate model and catalyst discoveries; and (3) results with the minimum requirements of reactants and wastes generated. The pillars of these reactors are quality, quantity, and safety.

We design, build and test different laboratory-scale reactors. Our strategy involves creating and testing reactor prototypes while modeling these using our workflow. We have high-speed cameras, probes, and other measuring instruments to understand the reactor behavior. We focus on packed-, fluidized-bed, and multiphase reactors:

In packed bed reactors, we focus on forced dynamic and operando reactors. These are the quintessence of information-driven reactors where the dynamics can involve flow changes, temperature, pressure, partial pressure, presence of activity modifiers (poissons, H2O…). In operando reactors, we follow a spectro-kinetic-deactivation-hydrodynamic approach to resolve the individual steps involved. In fluidized bed reactors, we focus on downers and multifunctional reactors (circulating, multizone or two-zone, Berty reactors) We focus on trickle-bed, slurry, and bio-electrochemical reactors in multiphase bed reactors.

Al pilot-plant scale, we aim to reach the maximum productivity levels while solving the growing pains: the scale-up. Based on a robust kinetic model obtained in the intrinsic kinetic reactor (lab-scale) and using computational fluid dynamics, we design, build, and operate pilot plants. At this stage, we seek partnerships with investment or industrial enterprises to make these pilot plants.

Goals

  • Multifunctional fluidized bed reactors ⇒ multizone, circulating...
  • Packed bed membrane reactors
  • Forced dynamic reactors ⇒ pulsing, SSITKA...
  • Forced dynamic operando reactors ⇒ DRIFTS, TPSR...
  • Operando reactors
  • Spray fluidized bed reactors
  • Downer reactor I ⇒ micro downer
  • Downer reactor II ⇒ counter-current and scale-up
  • Batch Berty reactor ⇒ short contact time
  • Multiphase reactors ⇒ trickle bed and slurry
  • High throughput experimentation (HTE) reactors
  • Photo-thermal and bioreactors
  • Reactor visualization and prototyping lab
  • Spatio-temporal hydrodynamic characterization and validation

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Related Publications

Evaluating performance of vortex-diode based hydrodynamic cavitation device scale and pressure drop using coumarin dosimetry

by Sarvothaman, Kulkarni, Subburaj, Hariharan, Velisoju, Castaño, Guida, Prabhudharwadkar, Roberts
Chem. Eng. J. Year: 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.148593

Abstract

The present work investigates the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) performance of vortex-diode based devices, which show early inception and superior cavitational performance compared to conventional devices. The study provides novel data on the cavitational efficiency at different operating pressures for two sizes of cavitation devices, addressing a gap in the literature. Using coumarin as a chemical dosimeter in acidic conditions, the study tracked the formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin (7OHC), a hydroxylation product of coumarin, to evaluate cavitational performance. Optimization of solution pH and initial concentration led to selecting pH 3 and a 15 ppm concentration for subsequent experiments with two vortex-diode devices of 12 mm (D12) and 6 mm (D6) diameters. These devices were tested under various pressure conditions. The formation of 7OHC was analyzed in relation to process time, number of passes, and a characteristic number of passes (n*) – which correlates device dimensions with operating velocity. The results indicated that the D6 device outperformed the D12 in terms of efficiency at inlet pressures ranging from 100 to 400 kPag. Analysis of 7OHC formation trends with respect to n* revealed that while there were variations within different pressures for a given device, the performance was comparable across different scales. By keeping a constant n* across varying pressures (P1 = 100 to 400 kPag and P2 = 0 to 300 kPag), the study observed comparable 7OHC formation across different operating conditions and scales. This data is vital for selecting suitable scales and conditions for HC devices and for validating multi-scale models in this field.

Keywords

CRE