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Process development and deployment for the direct reforming of crude oil to hydrogen and carbon materials

Problem statement

Hydrogen is a clean energy source and carrier because of its non−polluting combustion, making it an excellent alternative to the current fossil fuel-dominated energy scenario. Nonetheless, there are several critical challenges to implementing a broad sustainable use of hydrogen. In this project, we develop a laboratory−scale setup with stable operation and high hydrogen production.

We aim at assessing (i) different hydrocarbon feedstock (from n-heptane to crude oil) fed to the reactor with water as emulsions, carried by steam or vaporized; (ii) steam reforming (SR) and auto thermal reforming (ATR); and (iii) stable and energy efficient catalysts for the efficient production of hydrogen inside packed, fluidized, and multifunctional reactors. These, coupled with carbon capture technologies, minimize the carbon footprint of the overall process.

We support our research with simulations and techno−economic analysis to assess the approach's feasibility. C2H can use the current refinery infrastructure to reduce costs and the impact of market volatility on refinery operations.

Goals

  • Develop and scale up advanced catalysts and reactors for converting crude to hydrogen
  • Model process simulations to analyze the viability of the process 
  • Scaling the technical catalysts for their demanding application: endothermic process, poisoning, massive coke deposition, and fluidized-bed reactors
  • Analyze different process conditions to optimize hydrogen production and stability in the process
C2H-REF2023

Related People

Related Publications

Prospects for Obtaining High Quality Fuels from the Hydrocracking of a Hydrotreated Scrap Tires Pyrolysis Oil

by Hita, Rodriguez, Olazar, Bilbao, Arandes, Castaño
Energy & Fuels Year: 2015

Abstract

The hydrocracking of hydrotreated scrap tires pyrolysis oil (HT-STPO) has been studied aiming at high-quality refinery blends for alternative automotive fuels. The hydrocracking runs have been carried out with a PtPd/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor at 440–500 °C, 65 bar and space time of 0.16 h. The catalyst has been characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and tert-butylamine adsorption–desorption (TPD), while coke has been studied both quantitatively and qualitatively by thermogravimetric-temperature-programmed oxidation (TG-TPO), Fourier transform infrared-TPO, and Raman spectroscopy. During the first two hours of reaction and at temperatures above 480 °C, we have been able to (1) reach ultra low sulfur levels lower than 15 ppm; (2) remove almost completely the less interesting fraction—boiling points higher than 350 °C, named as the gasoil fraction—with remaining amounts lower than 1 wt %; (3) obtain a paraffinic and isoparaffinic content higher than 70 wt %. Catalyst deactivation is due to coke deposition having both an aromatic and aliphatic nature, while the aromaticity increases with process temperature. It has been proven that the temperature conditions can be tuned to reach a state in which coke is generated at the same rate that it is being hydrocracked.

Keywords

W2C REF ANW